What is diabetes

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What is diabetes   Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is no longer able to make insulin, or when the body cannot make good use of the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas, that acts like a key to let glucose from the food we eat pass from the blood stream into the cells in the body to produce energy. All carbohydrate foods are broken down into glucose in the blood. Insulin helps glucose get into the cells.  Not being able to produce insulin or use it effectively leads to raised glucose levels in the blood (known as hyperglycaemia). Over the long-term high glucose levels are associated with damage to the body and failure of various organs and tissues . Types of diabetes There are three main types of diabetes  1.   T ype 1 diabetes 2.   Type 2 diabetes 3.  Gestational diabetes Type 1 diabetes If you have type 1 diabetes,  your pancreas doesn't make insulin or makes very little insulin . Insuli...
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What is malaria

 What is malaria


Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans. People who get malaria are typically very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness.

Malaria is not spread from person to person like a cold or the flu, and it cannot be sexually transmitted. You cannot get malaria from casual contact with malaria-infected people, such as sitting next to someone who has malaria.

Globally, the World Health Organization estimates that in 2020, 241 million clinical cases of malaria occurred, and 627,000 people died of malaria, most of them children in Africa. Because malaria causes so much illness and death, the disease is a great drain on many national economies. Since many countries with malaria are already among the poorer nations, the disease maintains a vicious cycle of disease and poverty.

Malaria Symptoms


Some main sign of malaria are.

Include fever and flu                                                                 

Illness

including shaking chills

headache

Abdominal pain

Muscle or joint pain

muscle aches.

Rapid breathing

Tiredness. 

Nausea

Vomiting and Diarrhea may also occur. 

Malaria may cause anemia and jaundice (yellow coloring of the skin and eyes) because of the loss of red blood cells. If not promptly treated, the infection can become severe and may cause kidney failure, seizures, mental confusan, coma, and death

For most people, symptoms begin 10 days to 4 weeks after infection, although a person may feel ill as early as 7 days or as late as 1 year later. some parasites can remain dormant in the liver for several months up to about 4 years after a person is bitten by an infected mosquito. When these parasites come out of hibernation and begin invading red blood cells (“relapse”), the person will become malaria


Which mosquito causes malaria


Usually, people get malaria by being bitten by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Only Anopheles mosquitoes can transmit malaria and they must have been infected through a previous blood meal taken from an infected person.

What Are the Different Types of Malaria Parasites?


Malaria antibody detection is performed using the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. The IFA procedure can be used to determine if a patient has been infected with Plasmodium.

1.  Plasmodium falciparum (or P. falciparum)

2.  Plasmodium malariae (or P. malariae)

3.  Plasmodium vivax (or P. vivax)

4.  Plasmodium ovale (or P. ovale)

5.  Plasmodium knowlesi.


Treatment of malaria

With early treatment, most people with malaria will make a full recovery.         

Treatment for individuals with the disease includesTrusted Sou

1.  Medication to eliminate the parasite from the bloodstream

2.  Supportive care

3.  Hospitalization for those with severe symptoms

4  intensive care, in some cases


The main antimalarial drugs are:

Chloroquine

Hydroxychloroquine

Primaquine

Artemisinin-based therapy

Atovaquone-proguanil

The treatment period usually lasts 2 days.

However, the type of medication and length of treatment may vary, depending on:

The type of Plasmodium that caused malaria

How severe the symptoms are

Where the person caught malaria

If they took antimalarial drugs before

If the person is pregnant

Additionally, people who develop complications may need a combination of medications.

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